In today’s world, where problems related to the stomach, gallbladder, and liver are increasing, medical procedures like ERCP (Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography) are proving to be life-saving for many people. However, many patients experience fear and have unanswered questions when their doctor recommends an ERCP – “What is this procedure like?”, “Is it painful?”, “How long does it take?”, and “Is it safe?”
In this article, we will provide you with complete information in simple Hindi about what happens during an ERCP procedure so that you are prepared and confident about the procedure.
What is ERCP and what is its purpose?
ERCP is a special type of endoscopy that doctors use to examine and treat the bile duct and pancreatic duct. Its main purpose is to:
- Detect blockages in the bile or pancreatic ducts.
- Remove gallstones.
- Identify narrowing or tumors.
- Sometimes, insert a stent to maintain normal flow.
- In simple terms, it is a procedure that serves both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
When is ERCP performed?
Doctors recommend ERCP when a patient has the following problems:
- Recurrent jaundice.
- Upper abdominal pain or swelling.
- Suspicion of a blockage in the bile duct.
- Gallstones or pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas).
- Abnormal blood test reports, such as elevated liver enzymes.
Preparation Before the ERCP Procedure
Some specific preparations are necessary before undergoing an ERCP:
- Fasting: Patients are usually instructed not to eat or drink anything for 6-8 hours before the procedure so that the stomach is completely empty.
- Providing Medication Information: It’s crucial to inform your doctor about all the medications you are taking — especially blood thinners (such as Aspirin or Warfarin).
- Information on Allergies or Pre-existing Conditions: If you have any allergies to medications or a history of heart/lung disease, be sure to tell your doctor.
- Bring a Companion: Since this procedure is performed under sedation (light anesthesia), it’s necessary to have a family member or friend accompany you home afterward.
What Happens During the ERCP Procedure? (During the Procedure)
Now, let’s talk about what happens when the ERCP is performed — what to expect during the procedure.
- Sedation or Anesthesia: The doctor will give you a mild sedative to help you relax and ensure you don’t feel uncomfortable during the procedure.
- Endoscope Insertion: A thin, flexible tube called an endoscope is inserted through your mouth and throat, down into your stomach and small intestine (duodenum).
- Dye (Contrast Material) Injection: A special dye is injected through the endoscope into the bile and pancreatic ducts, making the ducts clearly visible on X-rays.
- X-ray Imaging: The doctor views images of your ducts on a live X-ray screen, allowing them to identify blockages, stones, or narrowing.
- Treatment Intervention: If any blockages or stones are found, the doctor can remove them at that time or insert a stent if necessary to maintain normal flow.
- Procedure Time: The entire procedure can take approximately 30 to 90 minutes, varying depending on the complexity of the problem.
What Happens After the Procedure? (After the Procedure)
- After the ERCP is complete, the patient is kept in a recovery room for a few hours to allow the effects of the sedative to wear off.
- A sore throat or dry mouth for a short time is normal.
- The doctor will monitor you for any signs of abdominal pain, nausea, or gas. If everything goes well, the patient can return home the same day, but should not drive or operate machinery on that day.
Possible Risks and Side Effects
Although ERCP is a safe procedure, like all medical procedures, it carries some potential risks:
- Pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas): This can occur in approximately 5% of cases.
- Infection: If an infection develops in the ducts, antibiotics will be prescribed.
- Bleeding: Especially if a cut (sphincterotomy) was made during the procedure.
- Sore throat or swelling in the mouth: This may last for a few hours or days.
- To minimize these risks, the procedure should always be performed by a trained gastroenterologist.
Post-Procedure Care
To ensure a faster and safer recovery after ERCP, you should follow these precautions:
- Rest: Rest completely until the day after the procedure.
- Eat light meals: Avoid heavy or oily foods until your doctor gives you permission.
- Monitor symptoms: Contact your doctor immediately if you experience symptoms such as fever, severe abdominal pain, vomiting, or vomiting blood.
- Take medications on time: Take any antibiotics or pain medication prescribed by your doctor on time.
Common Myths About ERCP
- Myth: ERCP is a very painful procedure.
Fact: The procedure is performed under sedation, so there is no pain. - Myth: It is only for diagnostic purposes.
Fact: ERCP is used for both diagnosis and treatment. - Myth: It always causes complications.
- Fact: The risk is very low when performed by an experienced doctor.
Conclusion
ERCP is a highly effective and advanced technique that helps doctors accurately diagnose and treat diseases of the gallbladder, liver, and pancreas. If your doctor recommends ERCP, there’s no need to be afraid—it’s a safe, accurate, and potentially life-saving procedure.
With timely and informed decisions and the guidance of an experienced gastroenterologist, you can not only find relief from your illness but also prevent serious complications in the future.
